What is Inert Pair Effect ?
This effect is applicable only from group 13th to 15th
In P-block elements when we move down the group from 5th to 6th period elements, there exists 14 Lanthanoid elements in which last electron enters in f-subshell due to poor shielding provided by f-subshell the Effective nuclear charge increases and apply more attraction on ns electrons, As a result of which the tendancy of ns electrons to participate in bonding decreases this effect called Inert Pair Effect.
B →+3(Oxidation State)
Al
Ga
In
Tl →+1(Oxidation State)
Due to Inert Pair Effect, Oxidation State decreases by 2units.
Higher elements show higher oxidation state
Lower elements show lover oxidation state.
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